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First thing suspect is a software issue. Remove SSD and boot from known good USB drive.
After that disconnect all devices, including keyboard/trackpad/LCD etc. Yes fans will run at full will be slow, but see if it sleeps then.
Any other history? Liquid? Especially SMC area.
0.28A is way too high for hanging on 5V. There must be a short or low resistance on some rail somewhere. Another short in the board is very likely as you cannot just drill into a board and not expect to short other layers together.
PPBUS is also too low so SMC is probably not running, so SMC may...
Nope, it is in the flat cable that runs into the LCD (right one). If you want to fix that you will need to remove the LCD, good luck with not cracking it.
There is a similar problem with the flat cable that carries the image data and that causes vertical distortion/no image(only backlight) in...
Looks like this was a EU purchase so you will have at least 2 year warranty if you can provide the original purchase invoice claiming EU consumer law. Do not mess with this T2 stuff unless you are 100% out of any sort of reclaim with Apple.
If the backlight turns on the board is at least POSTing. By the symptoms you described I would suspect liquid damage. Most likely the LCD is bad and the touchbar has also had liquid ingress.
No idea what you are going to pay for this, but just expect a bad LCD, touchbar and probably keyboard...
If the "SOC ROM" gets corrupted there will also not be 20V. This is U4770 on 01521 schematic so probably the same on this one.
Problem here is if you flash a good binary in there the 20V will be back but the machine will not power on as the ROM is married to the T2 chip.
So far I do not have...
Take it to Apple and try if they will replace it under the "coating" program. My local AASP takes in everything as long as it is not cracked/heavy dents.
No chance in hell you can fix this LCD.
Boot from wifi, hold shift+command+alt+R and turn on machine. It should boot to the installer from the original OS that was shipped with the machine. Can it still not see the SSD? If not open up terminal and at the prompt type: diskutil eraseDisk JHFS+ SSD disk0
APFS problem.
Install 10.11 or 10.12 so you have a HFS+ volume. Then do an upgrade to Mojave/Catalina from inside OSX and it will update the EFI to support APFS.
SSD has APFS file system and the replacement board has not had the EFI update for APFS yet. Install Mojave on another SSD and it will update, then put back the original SSD.
Not really a common issue, but it is of course possible that the GPU is failing. Nvidia N14P-GT on these boards I believe.
Make sure you check that the issue is only present on external GPU and not on Intel integrated GPU.