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You should check DCIN/BMON_ISENSE instead.
Their voltage depends by the current consumption from the charger and battery charging.
2V looks too low for PBUS_VSNS_OUT; it should be close to 12.5V.
You should get 1.33V aprox at PBUS_VSENSE.
Use ticker cables to inject voltage.
You must heat the board, not the cables.
Also use powerfull lab PSU and set amp limit to max first.
Then start to inject with 1V; increase, if needed.
If PSU gets in limitation mode, may not inject anything.
If it supports CC mode, that helps.
"no caps lock LED working"
You should follow KBD_CAP_CATHODE trace; driven by UT105.
Seems that machine restarts only when more CPU cores are engaged.
So you may have a problem with CPU itself.
I recommend to inspect all I/V sensor circuitries, from pages 59-64.
You should do any other check possible before reflowing the chips.
If you suspect GPU chip, you can lift (one side) all LA710-40 coils.
In case if Intel side is OK, board should stay on, getting even USB activity.
All other M/SPMU LDOs are present?
If isn't recognized in DFU, you may have problems with CPU.
Just in case, compare diode mode readings around UF400/500 with good board.
Check their LDOs with charger alone.
There are more LDOs available.
You may have just a small capacitor, or resistor corroded somewhere.
But also is possible to have more damage; maybe corrosion under some BGAs.
Is the machine recognized in DFU mode?