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"6: 0.8 V ----> should be 1.8V"
Do not make wrong assumptions; pin 6 is connected to a resistor divider (feedback signal)!
There is also noted a formula where you can get the exact voltage of pin 6; yes, is 0.8V.
R8167 also serves as pull-up resistor for all power good signals connected to ALL_SYS_PWRGD.
When you disconnect one resistor, what do you expect to get at its "left" side???
I saw several times failing 1V8 power good signal.
The board should work without R8165, if you get 1V8 power rail correctly; even if its power good is not OK.
I said you can throw Q8150.
You have a problem with resistor dividers on its inputs.
But this chip is not really needed, just a redundant protection.
Resolder the other resistors, without Q8150.