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Check R8450-53.
Post voltage and diode mode to ground at SCL/SDA lines.
Should be good to test with known good LCD assembly; backlight adjust comes from it, through I2C bus.
You were right, my next step was to desolder the screen on the matrix tapes, it turned out that there are traces of flooding under the screens and corrosion after cleaning everything, the backlight of the screen has returned but there is a new problem, the battery is not charging :-(
after connecting the charger, the meter shows 19.5 V and 0.3A but I do not hear the sound of USB connection.
There is a sound when the macbook starts up.